Influence of operation variables on quality parameters of olive husk oil extracted with CO<Subscript>2</Subscript>: Three-step sequential extraction

Supercritical CO₂ extraction is a viable alternative process for the extraction of high-quality oil from olive husk (also known as olive pomace), a residue obtained in the production of olive oil. We analyzed the effect of pressure (100–300 bar), temperature (40–60°C), solvent flow (1–1.5 L/min), and particle size (0.30–0.55 mm) on four important quality parameters of the oil extracted with CO₂: tocopherol concentration, extinction coefficients at 232 and 270 nm, and saponification value. Response surface methodology was used to obtain mathematical expressions related to the operating variables and parameters studied. Results from these experiments were also used to design a three-step sequential CO₂ extraction procedure to obtain a higher-quality extract. The optimal operational sequence consisted of a first extraction step at 75 bar for 1 h using 1% (vol/vol) ethanol modifier, followed by a second extraction stage at 350 bar for 2.5 h without ethanol and a third step, also at 350 bar, for 2.5 h but using ethanol. These extraction conditions obtained an intermediate fraction of oil with 64% yield and all normal parameters according to European Commission food legislation. This fraction is suitable without any further refining. On the contrary, the oils obtained by hexane extraction and by conventional supercritical CO₂ extraction at optimal conditions are suitable for human consumption after further refining. This last finding may result in improved economics of the sequential CO₂ extraction process compared to the conventional extraction method with hexane.     

Enzymatic modification of canola/palm oil mixtures: Effects on the fluidity of the mixture

The bioreactor system to interesterify edible oils and fats at an ultra-micro aqueous phase of 100 ppm and less was investigated. The adsorption of lecithin, together with lipase onto a carrier, was effective for conducting the interesterifying reaction efficiently for oils and fats in micro aqueous phase. To improve the handling properties of palm oil at rather low temperature, palm oil was blended with canola or soybean oil, and then these blended oils were modified by enzymatic selective interesterification in a solvent-free, ultra-micro aqueous bioreactor system with an immobilized lipase that had 1,3-positional specificity. The effects of enzymatic interesterification were confirmed by triglyceride determination, by solid fat content profiles and by cloud point profiles, which were also compared to products of chemical interesterification. The improvement in the fluidity of blended oils with canola oil by the enzymatic reaction was bigger than with soybean oil, and chemical interesterification had no effects on the fluidity of blended oils.     

无线异构网在油气生产物联网的应用

油气生产物联网（A11）系统是《中国石油＂十二五＂信息技术总体规划》的重要建设项目,分为三个子系统：生产数据采集与控制子系统、数据传输子系统、现场监控与管理子系统。本文主要介绍一种由无线网桥＋LTE230无线异构网络构建的数据传输子系统应用方案,该方案既利用了230MHz频段LTE系统的信号传播距离远、稳定性高、绕射能力强和广覆盖的特点,同时发挥了网桥点到点通信灵活、低成本和高传输速率的优势,可以完全满足福山油田油气生产物联网对生产数据、控制数据和视频图像实时传输的需求。     

复配菌对原油除蜡降黏效果分析

为提高含蜡原油流动性能,从辽河油田附近经受原油污染的土壤中筛选出两株原油降解菌。经过16S rRNA基因序列比对鉴定,菌株为纤维微菌属(Cellulosimicrobiumsp.)和假单孢菌(Pseudomonassp.),命名为7#和12#。将筛选出的7#菌与12#菌优化复配使用,研究结果表明:复配菌对液体石蜡有乳化效果,当复配菌体积比为1∶1时,乳化率最高达到77.5%;最适的生长温度为35～40℃,p H=6～8,最佳接种量(体积分数)为4%,复配菌体积比为1∶1,且培养基在初始pH,即pH=7时复配菌生长状态最佳。复配菌在37℃,pH=7条件下对原油处理7 d后,除蜡率为61.32%,降黏率达到31.58%;显微镜观察蜡晶变小,进一步说明菌株能够降解石蜡,破坏蜡晶结构,提高含蜡原油的流动性能。     

稠油降粘输送室内研究

应用注蒸汽开采稠油中的水热裂解反应及稠油的降粘机理,将它应用到稠油集输过程中,通过实验找出较好的催化剂,从当中得出一些结论,可能被油田使用。     

广西产迷迭香挥发油化学成分的分析

水蒸气蒸馏法提取广西百色地区迷迭香茎、叶中的挥发油,利用GC-MS联用仪进行了分析。共分离出36个峰,鉴定了其中31个化学成分,占总含量的97.08%。其主要成分为1,8-桉叶素、α-蒎烯、樟脑、莰烯、α-松油醇、乙酸龙脑酯及龙脑等。     

Solvent extraction of oil from soybean flour II— pilot plant and two-solvent extractions

The process of grinding soybeans to a fine flour and extracting the flour with hexane was studied on a pilot plant scale. The crude oil from the pilot plant study had 15 ppm phosphorus and was suitable for physical refining after a light acid pretreatment and bleaching. The refined oil showed a Lovibond color of 1.4 yellow and 0.3 red. The pilot plant study also showed that grinding of the soybeans and the separation of solid from miscella were the most difficult steps in solvent extraction with fine flour. A laboratory study on separation of miscella from meal by aqueous ethanol reduced the hold-up volume, but it did not remove all the miscella. A test with betacarotene showed that only the miscella outside the flour particles was displaced. Aqueous ethanol solutions used as a second solvent extracted additional nontriglyceride materials (primarily phospholipids) from the meal. Also, the free fatty acid content of the oil was increased with aqueous ethanol solution wash. The quality of the extracted crude oil was lowered by using a second solvent, but it had the advantage of needing only one centrifugation to separate miscella from meal.     

蒲葵根中脂肪油的GC-MS联用分析

采用GC—MS联用技术首次分析了蒲葵根中脂肪油的组成，共分离出36个峰，并鉴定出其中的23种化合物。该脂肪油的主要成分为月桂酸乙酯、十六烷酸乙酯、亚麻酸、亚油酸乙酯、9—十八碳烯酸乙酯等。为蒲葵根资源的开发利用提供了科学依据。     

PE 井口高压滤芯的研究与开发

本文介绍了一种新型的能在较高压力环境下进行细过滤的ＰＥ井口高压滤芯的结构特征、关键技术研究、技术特性，以及应用效果。     

环糊精改性超支化聚合物的合成与性能评价

以丙烯酰胺(AM)、丙烯酸(AA)、环糊精改性超支化功能单体(MAH-β-CD-HPEA)、甜菜碱(DEPS)为原料合成了四元共聚物PADAH。考察了引发剂质量分数、AM与AA质量比、DEPS与MAH-β-CD-HPEA质量比对聚合物溶液黏度的影响。得到的最佳合成条件为:AM与AA的质量比为2∶1(共占单体总质量的85%),DEPS与MAH-β-CD-HPEA的质量比为14.5∶0.5(共占单体总质量的15%),引发剂质量分数为0.3%。性能研究表明,该共聚物的质量浓度为2000 mg/L时,溶液黏度可达643 mPa·s,3500 r/min剪切20 s后黏度保留率高于80%;90℃时,PADAH的黏度为237m Pa·s,黏度保留率为37.5%,均优于未加MAH-β-CD-HPEA的甜菜碱型聚合物(PADA)和普通部分水解聚丙烯酰胺(HPAM)。